• The group can be as small and simple as two computers and a printer set up in a house or as large and complex as thousands of computers and hundreds of printers and other devices.
E-Communication
E Exchange of information
Network Architecture
Network Node Relation:- based on how the computer in a network are configured and how they access information networks are classified into two types
Ø Peer-to-peer
ü Also known as a workgroup is a low-cost, easily implemented network solution generally used in small network environments that need to share a few files and maybe some hardware, such as printers.
Advantages
of Peer-to-Peer Networks
v Cost - Because peer-to-peer networking
does not require a dedicated server, such networks are very cost-effective.
v Ease
of installation
o
Disadvantages
of Peer-to-Peer Networks
v Security - security must be applied to
each computer and resource individually.
v Data
backup -
each system must have its data backed up individually.
v Resource
access - difficult to locate resources on the
network.
v Limited
numbers of computers -
Peer-to-peer networking is effective only on small networks (fewer than 10
computers).
v Additional load on computers for resource sharing
v
Lack of central organization,
which can make data hard to find
v Users must administer their own computers
v
Weak and intrusive security
Client/Server Networking Model
•
Scalable, allowing additional computers or other
networked devices to be added with little difficulty.
•
Centralized management of all network
services, security, and streamlined/updated backup procedures.
Two
different types of computers are required: the client and the server
Servers
Ø Workhorses of
the network.
Ø Require additional resources and computing power.
Ø Servers also
require a network operating system.
Ø Network may have
a single server that offers more than one network service or hundreds of
servers, each performing a dedicated task.
§ Client
Computers
Ø Connect to the
network and access the resources of the server.
Ø Software is
needed to allow the client to connect to the network, which is mostly now built
into desktop operating systems.
o
Advantages of Client/Server
Networking
Ø Centralized
management and security
Ø Scalability
Ø Simplified
backups
Ø Number of users: A server-based network can support thousands of users
Ø Central file
storage, which allows all users to work for the same set of data and provides
easy backup of critical data, and keeps data from getting lost among computers
Ø Ability of
servers to pool available hardware and software, lowering overall costs
Ø Optimized
dedicated servers, which are faster than peers at sharing network
Ø Freeing users
from the task of managing the network
Ø Easy
manageability of a large number of users
Ø Ability to share
expensive equipment, such as laser printers
Ø Less intrusive strong
central security, since a single password need to access all shared resources
on the network
o Disadvantages of Client/Server Networking
Ø High
cost -
additional hardware and software costs
Ø Administration
requirements -
need technically skilled people to manage and maintain the network and the
servers.
Ø Single points of failure - If the server fails, the clients can't access the services that reside on the server. Great effort and expense are needed to ensure the high availability of network servers.
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